Dan, this is really a big topic and I suggest you consult with a librarian who can point you in the right direction on where to start researching these.
Here are some different awards that I have posted about in the past.
The Rolex Awards
Michael Kelly Award in Journalism
As for grants, a quick look on Google led me to these:
Geological Society of America Grants and an even larger list of GSA related grants
Speculative Literature Travel Research Grant
The Writing of National Histories in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Europe Travel Grant
Linda D. Russo Travel Grant
Here’s an old WritersWeekly article about Grants from Megan Potter.
Good luck!
Wow. Thank you **so** much, Jen. Your work is hugely appreciated.